Manners in Islam - Al-Adab al-Mufrad

Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari is the most celebrated hadith scholar in Sunni Islam and the compiler of Sahih al-Bukhari, regarded across the Muslim world as the most authentic book after the Qur'an. Born in 194 AH / 810 CE in the city of Bukhara in Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan), he lost his father in early childhood and was raised by his mother. His mastery of hadith was apparent from his youth: by the age of sixteen he had memorized the works of Ibn al-Mubarak and Waki', and he embarked on his lifelong scholarly travels at eighteen, studying in Mecca, Madinah, Basra, Kufa, Baghdad, Damascus, Egypt, and Khurasan under more than a thousand teachers.

Bukhari devoted sixteen years to compiling al-Jami' al-Sahih, sifting through approximately six hundred thousand narrations and selecting roughly seven thousand three hundred (with repetitions) that met his stringent conditions for inclusion. His method — requiring continuous chains of transmission, verified personal contact between narrators, and exacting standards of memory and integrity — established the classical science of hadith authentication. Beyond the Sahih, he authored al-Adab al-Mufrad on Islamic ethics, al-Tarikh al-Kabir on hadith narrators, and Khalq Af'al al-'Ibad in defense of orthodox creed. He also memorized a hundred thousand authentic and two hundred thousand weaker hadiths, an achievement that remains legendary in scholarly memory.

Bukhari spent his final years in Khartank, a village near Samarkand, where he died on the night of Eid al-Fitr in 256 AH / 870 CE. His grave there became a destination for visitors and scholars across centuries. The Sahih has been the subject of more commentaries than any work outside the Qur'an itself, most notably Fath al-Bari by Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, and remains the foundational reference for Sunni Muslims in matters of creed, law, and Prophetic biography.